Compressor mechanism



Dec. 16, 1930. I w, FQURNESS 1,785,407

COMPRESSOR MECHANISM Filed Nov. 12, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet. l

INVENTOR. M/Fred Fa /we 65 BY W ATTORNEYS.

Dec. 16, 1930. w. FOURNESS 1,785,407

COMPRES SOR MECHANI SM Fil ed NOV. 12, 1928 v 2 sheets-Sheet. 2

/ Q5 J k INVENTOR. W/b ed Fa /025$ A TTORNE YS.

atented Dec. 16, 193

wrrrnnn roomvnss, or OAKLAND, catrroanra, assronon are THE rommn ss na- VELOPMENT CORPORATION, OF NEW Y ORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OI NEW Y0 :si

COMPRESSOR MECHANISM Application filed November 12, 1 928. Serial Io. 818,738.

This invention relates to compressors, and

- more particularly to that type of compressor which is described and claimed in my copending application, entitled. Compressor, filed 5 March 8, 1927, under Serial No. 173,750.

provide a compressor, especially for refrigeration purposes, that can be driven at a high speed and with roper lubrication.

" It is anothero jectof my invention to provide a compressor that can be assembled or taken a art with great ease; and especially by the and of keyed elements that obviate the necessity of any oQer fastening means such was screws or bolts.

It is another object of my invention to simplify the structure of fluid compressors,

therebyreducingexpense.

It is another object of my invention to provide a reci rocating piston type compressor in whic the piston is relieved from any undue pressure.

It. is still anotherobject of my invention to prevent anyleaks from the high pressure -to the low careful positioning of the various ports.

Myv invention possesses many other advantages, and has other objects which may be Y made more easily apparent from a consid-r eo eration of one-embodiment of my invention.

1 For this purpose. I have shown a form in the drawings accompanying and forming part of the prese t specification. I shall now proceed tOdQSGl'lbE this form in detail, which taillustra'tes the general principles of my invention; but it 1s 'to beunderstood that this detailed description is not to be taken ina limiting. sense, since the scope of my inven- 'tion is best definedby the appended claims.

Referring tothe' drawings: Figure 1 is a sectional vi'ew'of a recipro cating compressor Imechanism embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional view, taken along plane 2-2 of Fig.1; f i

Fig; 3 is a sectional view, taken along plane 3-3 of Fig. 1 and I Fig. 4 is a detail section, taken along plane 44 of Fig. 1.

In Fig. 1, there is shown a housing 1 1 in let through a pipe 14. It is one of the objects of my invention to I pressure side of the device, by a I 1 w th the valve bores 27, 28 that are parallel and close to bores 23, 24, and that accomshall then proceed with the description of the. devices .used for controllin This blockis in turn embraced by a slide 36 'formedfas a four-sided frame (see Fig. 3).

which the compressor mechanisin gan be located. This housing has a removable end wall 12. The inlet for the compressor can be provided through a pipe 13, and the out- .clearly in Fig. 2, has a substantially rectangular portion 20, from which extend in diametrically opposite directions, the cylinder blocks 21 and 22. Each of these cylinder blocks has a lar 'e bore23 or* 24=, radial to the axis of shaft 1 for the accommodation of the main pistons 25, 26 that'are reciprocated therein. The blocks21, 22 are also provided modate the valve pistons 29, 30 for the control'of inlet and outlet ports for the cylin ders 23, 24. All pistons 25, 26, 29, 30 can be provided with grooves such as 31 to facilitate oiling.

- I shall now describe the mechanism whereby pistons 25 and 26 are reciprocated, and i the passage of fluid into and out of the cy inders.

Shaft 17 v is journalled inside of housing 11 :in a cap or cover member 32 that fits over the end of the rectangular portion 20 to rovide a0 a fluid tight enclosure there-in. S aft317 carries an eccentric portion 33 that has a 7 small flange 34. Th1s eccentric portion 33 is freely rotatable in "an eccentric block 35.

Two opposite sides of theirame are in contact with the inner wall of rectan lar member '20 and slidable thereon; an the block 35 is just wide enough to enter the space 1 formed by the other two sides, and slidable therein. Block 35 is thus constrained to move only in a horizontal direction in frame or slide 36, which in turn is constrained to-move only in a vertical direction. Therefore rotation of eccentric 33 causes a side to side motion of block 35, and a vertical reciprocation of slide36.

Pistons 25, 26 can be mechanically connected to opposite sides of slide '36. I prefer to make this a dovetailed connection, whereby quick and inexpensive assembly can be secured. Thus I provide undercut projections 37 on opposite sides of the slide,.which interfit with grooves 38 formed in the bottom of pistons 25, 26. The resultant reciprocations of pistons 25, 26 cause the fluid fed to the compressor, to be compressed. This process will now be explained.

Each of the cylinders 23, 24 has a cap such a in the bottom of housing 11. This is conas 39, 40, in order to define the cylinder spaces. The fluid to be compressed. enters the cylinders through ports 41, 42, near the outer portions of the cylinder spaces. These ports can be open-for'atime that falls within the time corresponding to the piston movementout of the c linder s ace. During this suction period, the cylin er space becomes 'filled' with low pressure fluid. On the compression stroke, port 41 or 42 is closed, and the fluid is compressed in the cylinder space. After a definite piston movement into the cylinder space, port41 or 42 again opens, but it is in communication with an outlet passage 43 or 44. Of course since pistons 25,

26 are onopposite side's-jot slide 336, one of them ,is on its suction stroke while the other is on its compression stroke.

The means whereby the controlled synchronously with the piston movement includes thepiston'valves 29, 30. These are reciprocated by a separate slide 45 axially displacedffrom slide 36, but similarly operated. For reciprocating this slide, use is made of a block 46 in which eccentric 47 on shaft 17 is rotatable. Valves 29, 30, can be dovetailed to slide 45 in the same manner as pistons 25, 26 are dovetailed to slide 36,

The ends of the valve cylinders 27 28 can be capped as by covers 48,- 49. .When say piston valve 29 moves inwardly (or toward the axis-of shaft 17), theouter edge 50 of this.

valve ultimately uncovers port 41. Fluidcari' then flow from inlet 13', through passageway 51 in wall 12, through port 52 in the upper part of cylinder 27, into this cy-linder,-and through port 41 intomain cylinder 23, After an interval, pistonvalve 29 starts its outward movement; and first port 41 is covered; then as the outward movement is continued, ,the

'lower edge 53 of the valveuncovers port 41,

and cylinder 23 is in communication with the discharge port 43, which conducts the compressed fluid to the interior of casing 11. By appropriate angular arrangement between port openings are to valve 29. It controls the port 42. A pipe connection 54 extends between passageway the lower piston valve. tion can be conveniently arranged exteriorly of the wall 12. I i

In order to obtain a smoothness of operation, a counterweight 56 can be provided, that is angularly, adjusted on shaft 17 adja-. centcover 32. I

The oilin system herein disclosed is similar to that s own in some of my prior applications. A body of lubricant 57 can be placed stantly under pressure, due to the pressure of the fluid above the level of this lubricant. A pipe 58 dips into this lubricant and conducts this lubricant to the oil passageways 59 in the shaft 17 and eccentrics 33, 47 to the various bearing surfaces. The cap 32 serves to enclose the various piston operating mechanisms; and oil fills the remainder of the space in rectangular portion 20. Should any of the compressed gas be, trapped therein, it can be forced out through a check valve. device: 60 extending into the space of housing 11. I

- Certain definite advantages of the structure as now detailed can be now emphasized. The wallseparating the main cylinders from the valve cylinder does not sustain any great differences of pressure on opposite sides thereof, because of the location. of outlet apertures 43 and 44. Both sides off-this .wall are subjected simultaneously to discharge pres sures; the inletpassa'ges arei ata material distance from the main cylinder walls. Therefore there is no danger of seepage between the main cylinder and these inlet pasweight 56 can be easily taken off and then slide 36 can be slipped ofl:' block 35, which in turn can be moved outwardly off eccentric 33. This exposes the inner slide and.. eccen- 51 and a corresponding passageway 55 for This pipe connec- .with the pistons, said connection being tric, which are similarly held in place with out screws of any kind. r

Due to the use of slides 36 and 4:5, thepistons 25, 26, 29, and. 30 are moved with a force that has no transverse component; instead, a straight radial force is provided. Hence there is no tendency for these pistons even at high speed, to bind in their bores.

- I claim:

1. In a compressor mechanism the combination of a casing, a detachable cover for the casing, a shaft extending across the casing, said casing having one or more cylinder bores radial to the shaft, pistons in said bores, and a slide in the casing arranged to be reci rocated by the shaft and guided by the casing, said slide being in mechanical connection characterized by the fact that the slide is detachably dovetailed to the pistons, and that the cover prevents relative axial movement of the slide and the shaft, to prevent disconnection'of the dovetailed connection.

2; In a compressor mechanism, the combination ofa casing, a shaft extending across the casing, said casing having one or more cylinder bores radial to the shaft, pistons in said bores, anda slide in the casing arran ed to be reciprocated by the shaft and gui ed by the casing, said slide being detachably connected to the pistons by a transverse dovetail connection. 7

3. In a compressor mechanism, the combination of a cylinder block having a main cylinder bore and a valve bore, pistons in said bores, means for reciprocating said pi's' tons, and a housin enclosing said' cylinder block, said main cy inder bore having a port communicatin with the valve bore, said valve bore havmg a discharge ort communieating with the housing interior, as well as opposite the cover, as well as. one or more cylinder bores, a slide in the casing and guided by the inner side walls of the casing for reciprocatory movement with respect to the bores, pistons in said bores, means for 6. In a compressor mechanism, the combination of a casing, a detachable cover fbr the easing, a shaft extending substantially across the casing, said casing having an end wall opposite the cover, as well asone or .more

"cylinder bores, a slide in the casing and an inlet port, the piston valve alternately.

causing establishment of communication between the main bore and said two valve cylinder ports, said discharge port being located-nearer the. open end of the valve bore than the inlet port, said inlet port being he yond the active range of the piston valve,

whereby the'pr'essures on opposite sides ofthe wall so arating the two cylinders are such as to o viate material seepage through said wall. Y Y

4. In a compressor mechanism, the combination of a housing, a pair. of cylinders and pistons in the housing, means forming an outlet passage from the housing, means forming an inlet to one of the cylinders and passing through a wall of the housing, and

- a pipe connection external of the wall'between said inlet and an inlet for the other cylinder. l l

5. In a compressor mechanism, the combination of a casing, a detachable cover for the casing, a shaft extending substantially across the casing, said casing having an end wall my hand.

guided by the inner side walls of the casing for reciprocatory movement with respect to the bores, pistons in said bores, means for detachably connecting the pistons to the slides in such a way as to be readily detached by merely moving the slide outwardly from the casing, said slide being in the form of a rectangular frame, a block slidable sidewise of the frame, andan eccentric fastened to the shaft and accommodated in the block for causing the slide to reciprocate;

7. In a compressor mechanism, the combination of a casing, a detachable cover for the casing, a shaft extending substantially across the casing, said'casing having an end wall op osite the cover, as well as one or more cy inder bores, a slide in the casing and guided by the inner sidewalls of the casing for reciprocatory movement with respect to the. bores, pistons in said bores, means. for

.detachably connecting the pistons to the slides in such a way as to be readily detached by merely moving the slide outwardly from the casing, said slide being in the form of a rectangular frame, a block slidable sidewise of the frame, and an eccentric fastened to theshaft and accommodated in the black for causing the slide'to reciprocate, the axial distance between the cover and the end wall of the casing being such that the parts accommodated'in thecasin are held by the cover against undesired .re ative axial movement.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set .WILFRED FOURNESS. 

